Tuesday, October 16, 2012

root words




the most important file
 
 
 
 
 
Greek and Latin Root List
A
Acantho     - thorn
Actino      -
Aero            - air
Arc         - arch
arch(ae/i)  - ancient
arct(i/o)   - north, bear
are         - space
areni       - sandy
arg(en/lyr) - silver
arthro      - joint
artic       - jointed
artio       - even-numbered
arundin     - reed-like
asc         - sac
asper       - rough
aspid       - shield
ast(e)r     - star
astrag      - dice (originally a knuckle bone)
ater, atra  - black
atr(ium)        - vestibule
aur         - ear, gold
austral     - southern
auto            - self
aux         - grow
avi         - bird
axi         - axis
azyg            - unpaired
 
 
B
Baca            - small berry
Baccatus        - berried
Baena       - walking
Balan       - acorn
Barb            - beard
Baro            - weight
Basi            - at the bottom
bat(is)         - skate, ray
bdella      - sucker
bell            - pretty
bi          - two
biblio      - book
bi(ola)     - life
blast       - germ, embryo, bud. Also, cell with nucleus (e.g. sideroblast)
bore            - north
botane      - plant
botry       - small bunch of grapes
bov         - ox
brachi      - arm
brachy      - short
brady       - slow
branch      - gill
brevi       - short
brizo       - to nod
bromo       - oats, broom, shadow
bronch      - windpipe
bucca       - mouth cavity
bulbos      - bulbous
bulla       - bubble, flask
bullat      - wrinkled
buno            - hill
bursa       - pouch, purse
 
 
C
Caduci      - temporary
Caec            - blind
Caerul      - sky blue
Caespit     - tufted
Calam       - reed, aspen
Calc            - stone
Calli       - beautiful
Callos      - callous
Calor       - heat
Calyx       - cup, chalice
Camp            - field
Campanula   - bell (instrument)
Cand            - white, pure
Cani            - dog
cap(it)     - head
capill      - hair
capsella        - small box
card            - heart
carin       - keel
cam         - flesh
carotid     - producing stupor
carp            - seed, wrist
cary            - nut
cata            - down
cauda       - tail
cav         - hollow
centi       - hundred
ceph(al)        - head
cera(s)(t)  - horn
cerc            - horns, lobes, short tail
cerebro     - brain
cerv            - neck
ch(e)ir     - hand
chaero      - to please
chaet       - bristle
chamae      - on ground
chel            - turtle
cheno       - goose
chiasm      - crossing
chil            - lip
chlamy      - outer garment
chlor       - green
choan       - funnel
 
chondr      - cartilage
chord       - cord
chorion     - membrane
chrom       - color
chrys       - golden
chyl            - fluid
chym            - juice
cili            - eyelash
ciner       - ashen, grey
cipit       - head
circum      - around
cirr            - tentacle (originally curl)
cl(e)ist        - closed
clad            - branch
clast       - broken
clav            - key
cleid       - key
cleithr     - bar, key
clin            - bed, recline
cloaca      - sewer
coccus      - berry, grain
cochl       - shell
coel            - hollow
col(on)     - large intestine
coll            - neck
collat      - borne together
columella   - little column
com         - with
commis      - sent out
communis        - colonial
commutat        - changed
compact     - compact
compress        - flattened
con         - with
conch       - shell
condyl      - knuckle
cono            - cone
contra      - opposite
convolvo        - to entwine
copro       - dung
cora(xlg)   - raven
corb            - basket
cord            - heart
corium      - leather
corn            - horn
coron       - crown
corp            - body
cort            - bark
cost            - rib
cotyl       - cup
crani       - skull
crass       - thick
crep            - shoe
cribi       - sieve
cric            - ring
crispus     - curled
crist       - crest
crosso      - fringe, tassel
cru(rals)   - shank
cruci       - cross-like
crypt       - hidden
cten            - comb
cune            - wedge
cusp            - lance, point
cuti            - skin
cyan            - blue
cycl            - circular
cyno            - dog
cyst            - capsule
cyt         - cell
 
 
D
Dactyl      - finger
Dasy            - shaggy
Deci            - ten
Decid       - falling off
Decuss      - cross banding
Deka            - ten
Delph       - womb
Delphis     - dolphin
Demi            - half
Demoliri        - to pull down; destroy
Dendr       - tree
dent/don/dont- tooth/teeth
derm            - skin
dero            - persisting
desmo       - band
deut            - second
dextro      - right
di(a)       - two
dia         - through
didym       - twin
digit       - finger
dino            - terrible
diplo       - double
dipso       - thirst
dissect     - deeply cut
dodeca      - twelve
don’t       - tooth
dors            - back
drom            - quick running
dubi            - doubtful
dulci       - sweet
duo         - two
dur         - hard
 
 
E
Echino      - spiny
Echis       - viper
Eco         - house
Ecto            - outside
Effer       - carrying away
Effusus     - loosely spreading
Ejacul      - throw out
Elasmo      - plate, flat
Elat            - tall
-ell            - diminutive
Ellucid     - shining through
Embio       - living
Embol       - thrown in
Endo            - inside
Engy            - narrow
Ensi            - sword
Entolenter  - inside
Eo          - dawn, east
Epi         - upon
Equi            - horse, equal
Erect       - upright
Erythr      - red
Esculent        - edible
Ethm            - sieve
Eu          - well, very
Eury            - wide
Ex          - from
Exiguus     - slender
Exo         - outside
Extens      - draw out
Extra       - beyond
Extrins     - coming from
 
 
F
Fab         - bean
Falc            - sickle-shaped
Fallax      - false
fasc(ic)        - bundle
fatuus      - foolish, useless
feli            - cat
fer         - carry
ficar       - fig-like
fil         - thread
fistul      - hollow, tube
flacc       - flabby
flav            - yellow
flexu       - wavy
flocculus   - lock of wool
fluitans        - floating
foen            - hay
foetid      - foul smelling
foli            - leaf
fontan      - fountain
foramen     - opening
fornix      - vault
fovea       - shallow round depression
fruticans   - shrubby
fund            - to pour
furc(ul)        - fork
 
 
G
Gal         - milk
Gale            - weasel
Gall            - of France
Gangli      - knot
Gano            - shining
gast(e)r        - stomach, pouch
gemin       - twins
gemm            - bud
genu            - knee, joint
geranium        - crane
gerro       - shield
gladi       - sword
glen            - socket
glia            - glue
glom(er)        - half of yam
glo(ss/tt)  - tongue
glut            - sticky
gl(uly)c        - sweet
glypt       - carved, engraved
gnaph       - wool
gnath       - jaw
goni            - angle
gono            - seed
gracil      - slender
gram            - of grass
gymn            - naked
gyn         - woman
gyr         - turning
 
 
H
Haem            - blood
Hal         - salty
hallu(x/ci) - big toe
hamat       - hook
haplo       - single, simple
hasta(t)        - spear-tip shape
hect            - hundred
heira       - hawk
helios      - sun
helminth        - worm
helo            - wart
hemi            - half
hepa(r/t)   - liver
hepta       - seven
hetero      - different
hex         - six
hibem       - winter
hippo       - horse
hirsu[t]        - hairy
hispid      - bristly
histri      - actor
holo            - complete, whole
homo            - human/man (Latin)
homo            - same (Greek)
homal       - flat
hormon      - that which excites
hortens     - of gardens
humus       - ground
hyal            - glassy
hydr            - water
hyemal      - winter
hyo         - U-shaped
hyper       - above
hypo            - beneath
 
 
I
Ichthy      - fish
-ida            - like
-idea       - ending of zoological family names
Ileum       - twisted
Impar       - unpaired
In          - in, not
-in         - diminutive
-inae       - ending of zoological sub-family names
Incarnat        - flesh coloured
Incis       - cutting in
Incus       - anvil
Inermis     - unarmed
Inflexis        - rigid
Infra       - under
Inter       - between
Intra       - within
Iod         - violet
-iola       - diminutive
Iris            - rainbow
Iso         - equal
Iter            - passage
 
 
J
Jug         - yoked together
Jungoljunc  - to bind
 
 
K
Ket         - ketone
Kilo            - thousand
 
 
 
 
 
L
Labi            - lips
Labyrinth   - tortuous passage
Lacer       - torn
Lacrim      - tears
Lact            - milk
Lacuna      - space
Laevo       - left
Lagena      - flask
Lamella     - leaf, layer
lan(at)     - wool
lanceol(at) - lance-shaped
lati            - broad
lecith      - egg yolk
lemm            - skin, husk
lens            - lentil, bean
leo(n)      - lion
lepid       - scale
lepto       - slender
leuc            - white
levator     - lifter
lign            - wood
ligul       - strap-shaped
lin         - line
ling            - tongue
lip         - fat
lith            - stone
log(y)      - discourse
loph            - crest
lumen       - cavity
luna            - moon
lupus       - wolf
lute            - yellow
lymph       - clear water
lysis       - loosen macr- large
 
 
M
Macula      - spot
Magni       - large
Maj         - greater
Mala            - cheek
Malleus     - hammer, mallet
Mamma       - breast
Mandib      - lower jaw
Manu            - hand
Maritim     - of the sea
Marsupium   - pouch
Masseter        - chewer
Mast            - nipple
mat(e)ri        - mother
maxi            - large
maxill      - jaw
maxim       - greatest
meatus      - passage
medi            - medium
medull      - marrow
mega            - large
mel(l)I     - honey
melan       - black
menin(x,g)  - membrane
meno            - moon
mer         - part
meso            - middle
meta            - after, beyond
micro       - small
milli       - thousand
min         - smaller
minim       - smallest
mirabile        - wonderful
miss            - sent
mito            - thread
mixi            - mingle
moll            - soft
monil       - string of beads
mono            - one
montan      - of mountains
morph       - form
motor       - mover
multi       - many
mural       - walls
muri            - mouse
myo         - muscle, mouse
myri            - countless
myx         - mucous
myz         - sucker
 
 
N
na(rls)     - nose
necro       - dead
necto       - swimming
nema            - hair
nemoral     - in woods
neo         - new
nephr       - kidney
neur            - nerve
nictitat        - winking
nigr            - black
non         - not
nona            - nine
noth            - spurious
notho       - southern
noto            - back, south
nu(clx)     - nut
nuch            - back of neck
nucle       - little nut
nud         - naked
nulli       - none
nutans      - nodding
 
 
 
 
 
O
Obtect      - concealed
Obturat     - closed
Obtusi      - blunt
Occiden     - Western
Occip       - back of head
Oct         - eight
-ode            - way or path
Odont       - tooth
Odor            - fragrant
Oecious     - house of
Oed         - swollen
Oen         - wine
Oesoph      - gullet
Officinal   - used in medicine
-oid            - like
Olecran     - skull of elbow
Oleo            - oily
Olfact      - smelling
Oligo       - few
Oliva       - olive
Omaso       - paunch
Oment       - fat skin
Omm         - eye
Omo         - shoulder
Omphalo     - navel
Onto            - existing
Oo          - egg
op(t)       - eye
operculum   - little cover
ophi            - snake
ophthalmo   - eye
opistho     - behind
opoter      - either
or          - mouth
orbi            - circle
orch            - testicle
oriental        - Eastern
ornith      - bird
ortho       - straight
os(ti)      - mouth
os(s/t)     - bone
ostrac      - shell
ot          - ear
ovi         - sheep
ovo         - egg
oxys, oxus  - sharp, pointed
 
 
P
Pachy       - thick
Palae       - old
palli(um)   - mantle
pallid      - pale
palustri        - in marshes
pan         - ali
par(a)      - near
parie       - wall
parvi       - little
patella     - small dish
patens      - spreading
pect(or)        - chest
pectin      - comb-like
ped         - foot, child
pene            - almost
penia       - deficiency
pent            - five
per(i)      - through, beyond
peregrin        - foreign
peri            - around
persic      - peach
petr            - rock
phaeo       - dark
phag            - eat
phalan(g/x) - close formation of troops
phalar      - shining
phanero     - visible
pher            - carry
phil            - love
phloe       - tree bark
phor            - carry
pho(s/to)   - light
phragm      - fence
phren       - diaphragm, mind
phyl            - tribe
phyll       - leaf
physa       - bladder
physio      - nature
phyto       - plant
pil         - hair
pinea       - pine cone
pinnat      - feather-shaped
pisum       - pea
pisc            - fish
plac            - plate, tablet
plagio      - oblique
plan            - flat
platy       - flat, broad
plec(o/t)   - twist, pluck
plesio      - near
pleth       - full
pleur       - side
plex            - interwoven
plica       - fold
plum            - feather
pneu(mo/st) - air, lung
pod         - foot
pogo            - beard
polio       - grey
polit       - polished
poll(ex)        - thumb
poly            - many
pons            - bridge
porc            - pig
porphyr     - purple
porta       - gate
post            - after
potam       - river
potero      - drinking cup
praeco      - early
pratens     - in meadows
pre         - before
prim            - first
pro         - in front of
proct       - anus
procumbens  - lying flat
profund     - deep
proliger        - bear offspring
prom            - first
proso       - front
prostratus  - lying flat
prot            - first
prunus      - plum
psamma      - sand
pseud       - false
psycho      - mind
psychro     - cold
pter            - wing, fern
ptyal       - sahva
pubescens   - downy
pubi            - sexually mature
pulmo       - lung
pungens     - pungent
pusill      - very small
pygo            - rump
pyl         - gate
pyo         - pus
pyro            - heat, fire
pyrus       - pear
 
 
Q
Quadr       - four
Quart       - four
quin(t/que) - five
 
 
R
Rach            - spine
Radi            - root
Ram         - branching
Ran         - frog
Rapa            - turnip
Raph            - seam
Rect            - straight
Reflex      - bent back
Ren         - kidney
Repens      - crawling
Reptans     - crawling
Retic       - network
Retina      - little net
Retro       - behind, backward
Rhabd       - rod
Rhach       - spine
Rhage       - tear, rent
Rhin            - nose, snout
Rhiz            - root
Rhodo       - red
Rhynch      - snout
-rrh            - flow
Rode            - gnaw
Rogos       - wrinkled
Rostr       - beak, prow
Rota            - tum, wheel
rub(e)r     - red
rumen       - throat
 
 
S
Sapien      - thinking, wise, knowing
Sacchar     - sugar
Saccul      - little sac
Sacr            - sacred
Sagitta     - arrow
Sal         - salt
Sanguini        - bloody
Sapon       - soap
Sarc            - flesh
Sativus     - cultivated
Saur            - lizard/reptile
Scala       - ladder
Scalene     - uneven
Scaph       - anything hollow, bowl, ship
Schizo      - split
Scler       - hard
Scop            - gaze, small owl, broom, shadow
Scut            - shield
Scyph       - cup
Seba            - tallow, wax
Sect            - cut
Segetum     - in cornfields
Selen       - moon
Sella       - saddle, seat
Semi            - half
Sept            - seven, wall
ser(olu)        - any body fluid
serot       - late
serrat      - saw-toothed
set         - hair
sex         - six
simi            - monkey
sinus       - hollow, bay
sipho       - tube
sol         - sun
soma            - body
somni       - sleep
specios     - showy
sperm       - seed
sphen       - wedge
sphinct     - closing
spinos      - spiny
spondyl     - vertebra
squalid     - squalid
squam       - scale
squarros        - spreading at tips
stae(rlt)   - fat
sta(silt)   - standing
steg            - covering
stell       - star
steno       - narrow
stereo      - solid
steril      - sterile
stern       - breastbone
stom            - mouth
strat       - layer
strept      - twisted
strictus        - upright, stiff
strigos     - having stiff bristles
stroph      - turning
stupor      - wonder
styl            - column
sub         - below
sucr            - sugar
sulc            - furrow
super       - beyond
supin       - lying back
supra       - above
sutur       - seam
sym         - with
syn         - with
syrin(glx)  - pipe
sys         - with
 
 
T
Tachy       - fast
Tact            - touch
Taenia      - ribbon
Talus       - ankle
Tapetum     - carpet
Tard            - late
Tarsus      - ankle
Tect            - covered
Tegmen      - covering
tel (e/o)   - far, end
teleo       - complete
temno       - cut
tenacul     - holding
tentor      - spread like a tent
tenuis      - slender
ter(ti)     - three
teres       - round
tetr            - four
textilis        - of textiles
thalam      - chamber, bed
thalass     - sea
theca       - case
thel            - nipple, female
therm       - heat
thero       - breast, mammal
thyreo      - large shield
tinctori        - of dyes
torn            - cut
tomentos        - densely woolly
torpe       - numb
toxo            - arrow, dart
trab            - beam
trachy      - rough
trago       - goat
trans       - across
trapez      - four sided, table
trema       - hole
tremulans   - trembling
tri         - three
trich       - hair
trivialis   - trivial
troch       - wheel
trop            - turning
troph       - feed
tussi       - cough
 
 
U
Uliginosus  - in marshes
-ul         - diminutive
Ulo         - wooly
Ultra       - above
Umbilic     - navel
Un          - one
Unc         - hook
Ungui       - nail, claw
Ungul       - hoof, claw
Urens       - bum
Uro         - tail
Urs         - of bears
Utricul     - little skin bag
uv(ela)     - grapes
uxor            - wife
 
 
V
Vagus       - wandering
Vas         - vessel
Velum       - veil
Ven         - vein
Ventr       - belly
Verd            - green
Veris       - true
Verm            - worm
Vern            - spring
Versi       - various
Vesic       - blister
Vesper      - evening, western
Vill            - shaggy hair, velvet
Virens      - green
Visc            - organs of body cavity
Vita            - life
Vitell      - yolk
Vitr            - glass
Vora            - devour
Vulgaris        - common
Vulp            - fox
 
 
X
Xanth       - yellow
Xen         - stranger
Xer         - dry
Xiphi       - sword
Xyl         - wood
 
Z
Zo          - animal
Zon         - girdle
Zyg         - yoke












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